The Most Important
discoveries in astronomy of the XXth century.
In planets astronomy:
the relativist theory of the planets movement was
found. It allowed to calculate the planets movement in many thousand years forward and
backside;
generally investigated the nature of all the planets and the Moon, Venus and Mars
surfaces were studied directly;
the asteroids are not mysterious now, as well as the comet's cores and their direct
probing;
the planets system of other stars were opened.
However nowadays there is no yet:
the decision of many problems of cosmology: how the
Moon was formed, how the rings around the giant planets were generated, why Venus is
turning too slowly and in reverse direction;
the decision of the main problem how the Solar system appeared.
In star's astronomy:
the foundation of the theory of the inside stars
construcrions, of the methods of stars studies according to the vibration of external star
layers (helioseismology) and by neutrino registration was set;
the general picture of stars origin and evolution was constructed;
the traces of the stars evolution were found out - the white dwarfs and theoretically
predicted the neutron's stars.
However yet:
there is no detailed model of the Sun being, able to
explain all the observed properties for example neutrino flood from the core;
there is no proper physical theory of the stars activity. For example the causes of
supernew stars bursts are not clear yet. It is not understandable why the narrow gas jets
are gushed out. The most mysterious are the bursts of hamma radiation: we don't know their
connection with stars or other objects and the distance to them.
In galaxy and out of galaxy astronomy:
It's found out the general constrution of the Galaxy
and its main observed solids;
the construction of the Galaxy core is investigated;
the methods of measuring the distances to the most remote objects in the Universe are
found out;
the main types of the galaxies and their congestions structures are studied;
it is found out that the galaxy accumulations are not haotic, but form the largescale
celling structure of the Universe.
However yet:
the problem of the hidden mass is not solved in other
words the gravitation field of galaxies and congestions are too strong for the observed
substance. Perhaps the greatest part of the substance is hidden from the astronomers;
there is no unified theory of galaxies generation;
the main cosmologycal problems are not solved. there is no perfect physical theory of
the Universe birth and its fate is not obvious.
These are the results of astronomy of the XXth century.
WELL, WHAT NEXT?
Here are the questions the astronomers are hoped to find the answers after the 2000
year.
If there are planets of terrestrial type at the nearest
stars and if they have a biosphere (if there is a life in them)?
What processes help to begin the stars forming?
How generate and spread along the Galaxy biologically
important chemical elements such as carbon and oxygen?
If the “black holes” are the sources of the active
galaxies and quasar's energy?
When and where the galaxy was formed?
If the Universe will be spreading endless or its widening
will change the collapse?